“Many of life’s failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up.” –Thomas A. Edison

Good laws make good societies
As ordinary citizens, we don’t spend much time reading about and thinking through the creation of new laws or amendments of old ones. We forget that the main constitutional responsibility of the politicians we vote for is law making, and oversight of the executive to implement those laws. During election campaigns, we don’t hear a single voter mention this aspect of the legislator’s role. Most are concerned with local issues, which they feel helpless to address, and expect the politician to personally deliver on. Yet, it is good laws that make for the good, functional society that most voters crave. Good laws are fair, do not discriminate against any group and are reasonably implementable. These create the very bedrock, on which society and the government can maintain co-operation and peace; be more productive and reach for higher goals. Bad laws, on the other hand, can harass and persecute innocent people; put the burden of proof on the citizen instead of on the accuser or the state; give excessive punishment; and create an atmosphere of fear. They also create opportunities for rent seeking and corruption by putting excessive discriminatory power into the hands of enforcing authorities. Once in a while, the broader middle classes get agitated and rightfully express rage and helplessness. This creates the environment for passing newer, harsher laws or amendments for terrible crimes. Unfortunately, there is little evidence that more severe punishment in the law acts as enough deterrence for future similar crimes. Societies have debated the severity of punishment for vile acts over millennia, with complex moral arguments on both sides of the question. Maybe it is time to reflect and reimagine what issues belong to society to address, and which must fall to the state to uphold. Meanwhile, let’s communicate strongly to our legislators. Let’s hold lawmakers accountable to draft, to pass and to uphold good laws that work for citizens and not against them.
Muhammad Askari,
Karachi.

Effects of Child Marriages
I am writing to express my deep concern about the prevalent issue of early marriages in our society. While I understand that traditions and cultural norms play a significant role in shaping our lives, it is essential to address the detrimental consequences that early marriages can have on individuals and communities. Early marriages frequently interrupt the education of young girls. When girls are married off at an early age, they are forced to abandon their dreams of acquiring an education, which in turn limits their future career prospects and personal development. Young brides often face significant health risks during pregnancy and childbirth. Their bodies are not fully developed, increasing the likelihood of complications during childbirth. This can lead to not only physical health problems but also mental health issues. Early marriages can perpetuate cycles of poverty. Young couples often lack the skills and resources necessary to support a family adequately. This can lead to financial instability and dependence on social support systems. Early marriages are often a manifestation of gender inequality. They reinforce traditional gender roles, limiting the autonomy and agency of young brides. Empowering girls and women to make their own choices is essential for achieving gender equality. Many young brides face emotional and psychological stress due to the responsibilities thrust upon them at a tender age. They may experience depression, anxiety, and feelings of isolation. It is imperative that we take steps to address this issue at both the community and policy levels. We must raise awareness about the negative consequences of early marriages and promote discussions within our society about alternatives that allow young individuals to make informed choices about their futures. Additionally, policymakers should consider implementing and enforcing laws that set a minimum age for marriage to protect the rights and well-being of our youth. Investment in educational programs, vocational training, and support networks for young girls can provide them with opportunities for personal growth and empowerment.
Batool Raza,
Karachi